Chapter Two: Aware of the Wonderful Truth of Enlightenment Killing the Demon and returning to the original spirit-nature
(Preface) Before we start to talk about chapter two, I would like to talk about a concept that will help everyone to realize more fully the main idea of Journey to the West.
First, we know Sun Wukong grew up on the Flower and Fruit Mountain, and this mountain is on the sea, seemingly like a fairy mountain on the sea. There is a big stone on the mountain, a monkey jumped out from this stone. But, in the first chapter, as I have said, this stone doesn’t exist on the form level. In another words, it is beyond what human eyes can see. Because of this, we have to use ideas from a different level to understand it. For example, what is “sea”? From the viewpoint of the earth, “sea” means sea water, but in the book this sea means “Sea on the Spiritual Level”, therefore, saying that in the sea there is a mountain, actually means “there is a mountain on the spiritual sea, and there is a stone on this mountain” If we think in this way, we should say: this stone symbolizes an idea, this mountain symbolizes energ y, this spirit represents form. But you might feel this is strange, why did we say these are respectively idea, energy and form, and not form, energ y, and idea? Also, I am going to explain below to everyone why the last one is a form, and not an idea.
This stone is not the first thing ever created; it is not the start of the universe. If the universe started from an idea level, then was manifested on the energy level, and then the form level, then why did this stone monkey not come from this sequence? Where did he come from? Monkey is about earth and heaven is in essence energ y, and essence of sun and moon; in other words, this stone is a crystal, but what kind of material does this crystal come from? It comes from the spiritual sea, it is equally represented as essence of spiritual sea- it is energy (chi).
Just as we talk very often of someone as the main figure of a group, Sun Wukong is the main figure in the spiritual world. Therefore, he is a form. But, from our human form level to look on this form, the spiritual sea is in the Energy dimension, and when the idea level’s energy descends to human form level, it becomes a form - a monkey. Therefore, we see this form as a monkey, but, from the level of form, it is from the idea level. Because this crystal is from heaven and earth, sun and moon, this crystallized object is Chi; to talk about this object from the form level, this Chi, we say that it is a monkey. So, this monkey represents the equality of heart and idea from the human level.
Before cultivating Tao, we were ordinary people; ordinary people have ordinary minds, so we were flesh and blood and ordinary minds. When the essence from the spiritual level entered Sun Wukong’s mind, he gained Tao’s mind. Thus, his mind was changed into one that wants to cultivate Tao. Why did he want to cultivate Tao? It is because he is a crystal from the spiritual sea. Therefore, we should be able to understand what is special about this monkey’s character. In Journey to the West, monkey’s character is explained in this paragraph, if we don’t understand this paragraph, we will find it very difficult to understand why this monkey has special capabilities.
Some people say Sun Wukong represents “mind” and that he is the “Mind Ape.” Therefore, when he went to the Heavenly Palace, the Jade Emperor assigned him a job, entitled “Bi Ma Wun”(an official title that gave him the responsibility of taking care of the horses.) He is “Mind Ape.” But what is “Thought Horse”? Mind is used to control one’s thought, to take care of “thought” therefore it is fitting that Sun Wukong’s specialty is to take care of the horses. But, he cannot agree, he feels this job is a low position. So he tried to destroy the Heavenly Palace. From this point of view, we understand that mind is for handling thought.
By talking about the origin of the universe, we can understand a little bit of structure. Discussed from the Earth, the Earth has four sides - east, south, west, and north - and four seas. So there is a saying “within the four seas are all brothers.” But surrounding Earth, there are four stars, namely metal, wood, water, and fire. Metal star is west, wood star is east, water is north, fire is south. For example, we say today there is in the south sea a South Sea Dragon King, and a South Sea Guan Yin Bodhisattva. The East Sea also has an East Sea Dragon King; the North Sea also has a dragon king, and the West Sea a dragon king. Where is the spiritual space of these four dragon kings? They are in the Earth. We thought that the East Sea Dragon King lives in the East Sea, the South Dragon King lives in the South Sea, and the West Dragon King lives in the West Sea. Actually, that is all wrong, of course; “The Investiture of the Gods” [Fengshen Yanyi] and “Journey to the West” both mention the East Sea Dragon King. Nuozha went to the East Sea to catch that dragon king. Nuozha fought with the dragon prince until he defeated him utterly; it seems he entered the East Sea, but actually he went to a spiritual world.
We have read many stories mentioning seas; they all seem to be on the Earth, but actually they are not. The Earth is not that big. Therefore, many stories are not talking about the image level. Does the East Sea have a dragon king? Yes, but, it is only an image, therefore, in this way the East Sea has dragon king. Talking about Sakyamuni Buddha, he exists in the Buddha world, on the idea level, but also in our human world. When Sakyamuni Buddha was still alive he was in the human world. The world is his form. But it was not necessary for him to stay here for good. Now he is in Buddhaland. But this doesn’t mean he is not in the human world; he can still come back, only we don’t know whose body he is inside. So, it doesn’t mean there is no Buddha on the form level. For instance, East Sea Dragon King lives in the Wood star, but this doesn’t mean he always lives in the Wood star; the dragon king may be on the Earth. Why was the East Sea Dragon King killed by Wei-Jen? Because the dragon king went to see the fortune teller, and bet with this fortune teller, he finally won the bet. But he disobeyed the regulations of heaven, therefore he was killed. If you ask why there is an East Sea Dragon King on the Earth, the answer is that is he was demoted to this level. He was punished by being sent from idea heaven to the chi level, from chi heaven to the form level. If we talk from the spiritual realm, it seems as if he just crawled from the sea. But actually, he is from the spiritual realm, we should understand this concept.
But within these four seas, there is a middle heaven; the surrounding four sides are called the four seas. In the graph we only draw the seas, but without middle heaven. Only the middle is called heaven, the four sides are called seas. Because in addition to the four stars metal, wood, water, and fire, there is another star, called Earth (soil) star. According to this description, we know this middle heaven can be in this earth star’s place. But the answer is still not correct. Who lives on this center Earth? This “Earth” actually contains two: one is the Earth that we live on, and there is another one called “soil.” In the I-Ching’s five element system, the number 5 is soil and 10 is also soil; one is Yang soil, the other one is Yin soil. But this Soil star is Yang and the Earth is Yin. But it seems we cannot say this. The earth soil is different from other soil in the world.
Because this earth soil is a form, the other planets are on the chi level; only Earth is a form. I have been making an example; all we can see of the planets is the surface. The thing inside has not revealed itself yet. This is just like an egg. There is a chick inside each egg. Before the little chick’s birth, it is only an egg. Therefore, we cannot say it is a form. Because this egg is without form, only after birth does the little chick have form. When the little chick breaks the egg shell, then it truly became a chicken. All eggs are similar. Different eggs like those from chickens, ducks, and other birds are not much different. Therefore we cannot say they have a shape and of course cannot call it a form. Eggs look unlike any thing else, only like stones. After the bird takes form, you can call it a chicken, duck or other bird. Today in the solar system, there is only one planet that has become a form - namely the Earth. Therefore scientists say that in this solar system one still cannot find other planets with life. This is because we are already formed. And this a rgument applies not only to little chickens, ducks, and birds, but also to the ten thousand things. There are plants, animals, and minerals on Earth. But the other planets only have minerals; they have not become forms yet. Of course, maybe some day Mars (the Fire Star) will have something grow there.
Therefore, today when we go to other planets, we will be called Earth humans because Earth men represent the Earth’s image. The alien from Mars also represents Mars’s image. In fact the human of Mars is not born yet. But already many people discuss this, it just like before the little chick is born. We already know what this chick will look like because we have already seen the image of other little chickens.
Let us understand the function of metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. The earth is center soil; Saturn (Soil star) is Yang soil and Earth is Yin soil. So Earth cannot control itself. Therefore the Sun must control it. The middle heaven is Sun, but the middle heaven’s Jade Emperor lived on the Sun. Nowadays the emperor is Guan Gong (Guan sage emperor) who has also been called Fire Virtue star emperor because he is related to the Sun. The god in the Sun, the Guan sage emperor, controls our Earth. The other four sides - metal, wood, water, fire, and earth - are also within his realm.
But, who is on the earth star (Saturn)? Guan Yi n Bodhisattva’s temple is on this earth star; we all know Guan Yin Bodhisattva lives on the Earth star. According to the one yin and one yang theory, the Earth is yin, Earth star (Saturn) is yang. Saturn is the elder brother; the earth is the younger sister. But because Chien and Kun are exchanging places, Saturn became an elder sister and Earth became a younger brother. So we see Guan Yin Bodhisattva is merciful and saves and helps people in suffering and in disasters; when she hears anywhere a call for help, she goes to the rescue. That is because she is our elder sister. We are her younger brother. Thus, when anything happens, she always comes to help. Thus, when we look at Journey to the West, the person who goes between to communicate (go through needle hole draw the thread) is her.
Guan Yin Bodhisattva can be at the same level as the Jade Emperor; she can persuade any fairy or god. When you ask Guan Yin Bodhisattva to come, she can intercede with all the fairies and gods to release you. This is equivalent to saying that she has a mission to do this kind of work. If we don’t talk about this but only read the relationships in the book, we cannot see the relationship between the solar system, the human world, and the heavenly world. But although I speak in this manner, these three are related to each other. Guan Yin Bodhisattva represents Saturn. She is the god of Saturn. Therefore this soil has Yin character and also partakes of mixture and harmony. Therefore, Guan Yin Bodhisattva covers many worlds and she can supervise anything. Other Buddhas control other areas, for instance Manjusri Bodhisattva supervises wisdom,. On the other hand, Guan Yin Bodhisattva is great, kind, and merciful; she actually supervises and controls many things. Thus most people worship Guan Yin Bodhisattva.
But, if we use this way to see Guan Yin Bodhisattva, it might put her in lower position, we should place her in a higher and more intimate relationship like our mother; this will better fit her nature.
But, Earth has another friend, namely the Moon. The relationship between Moon and Earth is just like husband and wife; Moon is like the wife of Earth. Thus, the Earth contains these three relationships: husband-and-wife, sister-and-brother, and mother-andchild. Thinking in terms of yin and yang, we cast Saturn as the mother and us as the child. In this way, we can better realize Guan Yin Bodhisattva’s nature. We should first understand the structure of the Solar system. Because Sun Wukong made trouble in the beginning of Journey to the West, he only roamed through middle heaven (the Sun). On this Sun a Buddha lives; this Buddha does not belong to middle heaven, Buddha’s level is not only on middle heaven (the Sun). In general, Buddha’s level is not limited to middle heaven. The main God on the Sun is Buddha. But there are many kinds of Buddha. Therefore, when we talk about Sakyamuni Buddha we are not talking about the main good on the Sun. He is not the main god on the Sun, but he has achieved Buddha level. And can communicate with other Buddhas. Because they are connected to many Buddhas, so when one enters the palm of Buddha one is unable to escape.
Because Buddha shares this oneness, in Buddha’s view, all creatures are one. Because of this, Sun Wukong cannot escape Buddha’s palm. Because Sakyamuni Buddha’s heart does not distinguish between anything, He sees all the universe is one. Even though he lives in the solar system, he doesn’t think he belongs to the sun, but that he belongs to the whole universe. Therefore, no matter that Sun Wukong can fly, he cannot leave Buddha’s palm because he is inside the universe. It is just as if he entered an egg. No matter how capable he is, he is still inside the egg. Why? Because Sakyamuni Buddha’s level already reaches the whole, but today the reason that we still have lots worries is because we do not think of the universe as a whole. You even treat the people beside you as if they were separate from you. I am I. It is impossible to say you are me, I am you. Therefore, we may be said to still have hearts that distinguish between things. Because of this difference, when Sun Wukong flies on the clouds, he can go ten thousand miles and you cannot catch him. But if you think of the universe as a whole, then you realize he cannot fly out. No matter how far he goes, he still belongs to you. In fact, this is the difference between Buddha and all humans. This point is worthwhile for all people to realize.
Actually, the stage on which Sun-Wukong performed is the solar system. Things most related to the solar system cannot leave these five stars - metal, wood, water, fire, soil - and the Sun. But hell - represented by the planet Pluto - is only mentioned briefly because Sun Wukong only went there to delete his name from the records; Journey to the West does not talk more about hell. The book talks about a journey of Tao cultivation and is less related to hell. I am using these ideas in order to talk about Journey to the West. If the above concepts were not correct, then our discussion would become a waste of time. But if these concepts are correct, then we can employ them to extend our understanding of Journey to the West. If we say that the spiritual level of Sun Wukong is the Sun, then of course he is in the Milky Way system and thus in the universe. Therefore, this idea should be right. If you say this example is too big, then, you d o n ’t have to apply it on such a large scale, instead you may shrink it to the scale of your own physical body.
You can see that this stone that gave birth to Sun Wukong is like the pineal gland in the human brain. The pineal gland is associated with the power of thought, and the human brain is distinguished by its ideas, images, and thoughts. Can the mind, like Sun Wukong, fly ten thousand miles? Surely the mind can fly ten thousand miles; therefore this “idea” can be applied either to small idea or to a big one. Thus everyone can use this idea. Perhaps one day some people will ask you, who says Sun Wukong lives in a spiritual sea? Who says he live on the Earth? I think he lives on Mars or on the Sun. you should not argue with these people; if they want to say he is living on Mars or on the Sun that is fine, because they are working from a different premise, and all premises will lead to the same place.
(to be continued)
☉ Wendy Huang
Tao vs. Religions
Although Tao and religions seem very similar to most people, I still want to clarify the concepts of both and focus on Tao. "All roads lead to Rome." The question is how you get to Rome, or in this case Heaven. Every religion claims that it is the best and the only way to reach Heaven. Is this true? Generally speaking, religions may show clear directions to Heaven, and provide followers guidelines for leading functional and practical lives on earth.
What is Tao? Tao is not Taoism. Jesus said "I am the way and the truth and the life: no one comes to the Father except through me." Tao is like a way, which guides followers to their destination - Heaven. Tao promotes spiritual improvement, as do religions. In this respect, they are very similar to each other. However, they are still different in tolerance, practice, and wisdom.
One of the differences between Tao and religions is tolerance. Every religion has its own principle and truth. The truth is beyond the physical world, abut the truth shows how to cultivate Tao or practice the religion and improve a person's daily life. Finally, the truth will give people a way to reach a high spiritual level. The physical world is not perfect but our spirit can surpass the limits of the physical world, if a religion is practiced properly. In order to discover the truth of the universe, Tao will allow its disciples to study the texts of other religions. The followers of Tao can study the Bible of Christianity, the Heart Sutra of Buddhism, the Tao Te Ching of Taoism , and any books of other religions as they wish. They can practice Yoga, meditation, Qi-Gong, Tai Chi, and all manner of ways to unite Yin and Yang to One. This is tolerance.
Unlike Tao, religions are very strict and unique for their believers. Christians study the Bible in churches, Buddhists learn their wisdom from the Diamond Sutra and other related sutras, and Moslems only believe in the Koran. When people cultivate one single religion, day after day, the believers may only know how to find meanings from their own religion. They may not understand the principles of other religions, thus they live in their own limited world - still, peaceful, lovely, and creative. Many religions support the principle of causality of human behavior. Therefore, they argue that people should sow good deeds so that they will reap spiritual rewards. As a result, many religions contend that the earth is good, that it can be improved by human efforts, and that we should devote more effort to advance the human world. They have taken Heaven down to earth. They don't realize that Heaven is our true spiritual home, not the earth.
Tao is the universal principle. Pursuing Tao can increase the opportunities to understand and see the truth. Since Tao is one, it leads people to see the holistic picture of everything. Only when you start to apply Tao, can you truly begin to understand it. For example, Master Chang has stated "A practitioner of Tao is like water, whose destiny is to unite with the ocean." A great person with great virtue is like water of a great volume that can easily find its own way to the ocean, such as river. Such material of the highest level is like water - very pure and clear. Continuing the analogy, practicing Tao can add color to water, but Tao cultivation can purify it again; this will not change the pure and clear nature of water.
In contrast, religions are more like lakes; some may have channels to connect to the ocean, or Heaven. Most of them don't have such access. They are like some specific drinks. They have no possibility to transform to other kinds of drinks. Religions are like frames in a person's mind; they limit the creativity of the person. They set certain rules that the person must follow and can't transgress. But in the heat of events, people will follow the rule of the human world; they do not pay attention to spiritual issues. What I am trying to point out is that religions should give a person a clear direction to practice and improve his life and get to Heaven.
The Tao cultivator can gain heavenly wisdom through the practice of Tao. On the contrary, cultivators of any given religion intend to follow the truth but they are likely to improve their wisdom only on the human level. However, without alternate wisdom, they often get stuck within their routine. Tao and religions are very meaningful and interesting. They are all good for various things. Although all religions acknowledge alternate ways to Heaven, they do not walk that way. That's why the wisdom of humanity is not the same as heavenly wisdom.
末了,他以電影The Wizard of Oz「綠野仙蹤」的啟示:將Dorothy( 桃樂絲) 、Scarecrow (稻草人)、The Tin Man(鐵皮人)及Lion(獅子)比喻成中國四大奇書之一的「西遊記」的唐三藏、豬八戒、孫悟空及沙和尚;來說明純潔可愛的桃樂絲如唐三藏般地有求道之心,稻草人想要一個腦袋,如豬八戒般地尋求「智」慧;鐵皮人想要一顆心,如孫悟空般地尋找「仁」;而膽小如鼠的獅子要膽量;如沙和尚尋找「勇」一般。找到儒家思想中的「三達德」後,最終四人期望可以回到故鄉一堪薩斯州大草原中部,如唐僧一行五眾(加上龍馬),一齊抵西天取得經書返回中原般,終獲得靈性的提昇。這樣的啟示,給了我們修道人一個很大的鼓勵,就如同打預防針一樣,提前警告:將會有類似八十一難般的考題在前面等候著我們,此乃追尋靈性之提昇者不可逃避的關卡。
第三堂課乃Chad Carpenter(齊艾德)主講的The Analysis of Tao and Religion「道與教的分析」,他先以字典上對道的定義來作說明:The unconditional and unknowable source and guiding principle of all reality conceived by Taoists「被修道者認定無條件及無法得知的來源與導引所有現實之的準則」;the way orpath to heaven, the soul, the trueSelf走向天堂之路或途徑、靈性、真我⋯。
再來的第四堂課,由Kelli Thomaides(凱莉‧湯麥蒂斯)主講The Cultivation of Tao「道的修行」,修道快兩年的她,一直很精進地渡人、勸化人吃素,每次看到的她,總是滿面笑容、神采奕奕的,她也是修道人可效法的一個好榜樣!她先以求得光明大道的即刻好處為:與他人靈性的交集;再探討如何從內在自我的照顧、吃素、研究心經及固定參加道德經講座等獲得內心的寧靜;並擴及由外在的三施「財施、法施及無畏施」與個人言行的調整:不說人非、常說好話、常保持正面而樂觀態度、培德、帶人求道、修養正面的能量及經常參與集體的討論等等。
第九堂乃由許俐嫻講員開講Tao and Vegetarianism「道與素食主義觀」,現於大學研究所修營養學的她,對怎樣吃素(ova lacto蛋奶素)才能達均衡的營養,有詳細的說明。為了健康、保護動物之權益、經濟利益、道德考量、世界饑荒、宗教的及靈性上的種種因素,二十一世紀真是素食主義的世紀。
她列舉基督教、天主教、猶太教、回教、印度教及佛教各教經典對素食的正面肯定與評價,如Albert Einstein阿爾伯‧ 愛因斯坦說:「Nothing will benefit human beauty & increase the chances of survival of life onearth as much as the evolution to a vegetarian diet.」(再沒有任何其他東西可像素食的演進般,令人類的優美受益及增進地球上生命的存活力)。人們因改變飲食習慣,放棄葷食而採用素食對生理健康的改善,而遠離心臟病、糖尿病的威脅;有醫學上的數據支持素食的實用性,一再地提醒我們茹素是充份必要的!
接下來的第十堂課,為李講師講解的Tao & The Three Treasures「道與三寶」,透過求道時所得的三件至寶,將來當肉體毀壞、往生時,能帶我們的靈性往生彌勒淨土。關訣印是我們靈性回天的三個Passwords密碼,絕不可一時或忘,為確保有效地記住,時常渡人求道是最佳妙方。三寶與理氣象的結合是天地人三才的架構,代表應時應運的殊勝之處。
十一堂課是Aaron Schlosser探討的Tao & The Heart Sutra「道與心經」,修道三年多的他, 一向很精進、好學, 喜歡哲理、思考的Aaron,其實話不多,是個很用心修、辦道的年輕修道人。心經是講心性之學,此「心」代表公心、道心及真心求道之心, 又可稱為True Heart。他本身著重於「行」六度波羅蜜(布施、持戒、忍辱、精進、禪定而終獲得般若智慧)以證真道,若非以悲智雙運的修行法門來行,實難證道。他提到空即是清澈、自由及蘊含無限的潛力,把此心經當作修道的工具來用,才能獲取修道之真正目標——自性眾生不渡盡,誓不成佛!